Effects of yaw-roll coupling ratio on lateral-directional aerodynamic characteristics

Experimental investigation of large amplitude yaw-roll coupled oscillations was conducted in a low-speed wind tunnel using an aircraft configuration model. A special test rig was designed and constructed to provide different coupled motions from low to high angles of attack.A parameter ‘‘coupling ratio" was introduced to indicate the extent of yaw-roll coupling. At each pitch angle, seven coupling ratios were designed to study the yaw-roll coupling effects on the lateraldirectional aerodynamic characteristics systematically. At high angles of attack, the damping characteristics of yawing and rolling moments drastically varied with coupling ratios. In the coupled motions with the rotation taking place about the wind axis, the lateral-directional aerodynamic moments exhibited unsteady characteristics and were different from the ‘‘quasi-steady" results of the rotary balance tests. The calculated results of the traditional aerodynamic derivative method were also compared with the experimental data. At low and very high angles of attack, the aerodynamic derivative method was applicative. However, within a wide range of angles of attack, the calculated results of aerodynamic derivative method were inconsistent with the experimental data, due to the drastic changes of damping characteristics of lateral-directional aerodynamic moments with yaw-roll coupling ratios.     

平台式重力仪航空重力测量数据后处理技术研究

针对航空重力测量对数据后处理的要求,结合平台式重力仪系统的组成与工作原理,在重力异常信号的频域特征基础上,设计出一套有严格频域规范的航空重力数据后处理流程,并对某海域实测数据进行了处理。结果表明,重力异常值内符合精度为12条东西测线达到0.43mGal/140s和0.84mGal/100s,4条南北测线达到0.39mGal/140s和0.79mGal/100s;以同测线GT-2A单次测量结果为标准值统计标准差,12条东西测线为0.72mGal/140s和0.98mGal/100s,4条南北测线为1.41mGal/140s和1.53mGal/100s。结果表明,设计的航空重力测量数据后处理方法可以实现重力异常信号的高精度提取。     

变体辅助的无人机栖落机动模糊控制设计

无人机（Unmanned aerial vehicle， UAV）的栖落机动是一种大幅度的俯仰运动，易引起升降舵操纵力矩饱和。本文以变体方式增强无人机的俯仰操纵能力，并研究其对应的控制设计方法。首先对栖落机动建立了纵向动力学模型，并通过采用轨迹线性化和张量积变换方法转换得到T-S模糊模型。基于Lyapunov稳定理论和平方和方法，设计了满足控制输入约束的栖落机动多项式模糊控制器。对非变体与变体下的栖落机动控制过程进行了仿真，结果验证了控制律的有效性，并且表明变体辅助的无人机具有更强的操纵性能，能提高栖落机动中升降舵的抗饱和能力。     

Design and analysis of a truss deployable antenna mechanism based on a 3UU-3URU unit

Space deployable structures with large calibers, high accuracy, and large folding ratios are indispensable equipment in the aerospace field. Given that the single-DOF 3RR-3RRR deployable unit cannot be fully folded, this study proposes a 3UU-3URU deployable unit with two kinds of DOF: folding movement and orientation adjustment. First, based on the G-K formula, the DOF of the 3UU-3URU unit is analyzed. Then, the 3UU-3URU unit is used to construct a deployable truss antenna with a curved surface, and the DOF of the whole deployable antenna containing multiple 3UU-3URU units is calculated. The structural design of a deployable antenna with two loops is carried out with specific parameters and geometric relations. Next, a DOF simulation of a basic combination unit composed of three 3UU-3URU units is performed. Finally, a prototype of the basic combination unit is manufactured, and the DOF of the mechanism is experimentally verified.     

利用增量相位和星光仰角增强XNAV

针对X射线脉冲星导航系统(XNAV)中过程噪声统计特性难以准确获取，对其不当假设导致滤波器估计性能不佳的问题，提出基于自适应差分卡尔曼滤波器(ADDF)的多信息融合算法。为了降低导航误差，在传统脉冲星计时观测的基础上，增加恒星星光仰角及两个时刻间的相位增量观测量，共同增强XNAV。首先，分别建立计时观测模型、相位增量模型及星光仰角模型；然后将多信息测量模型集成到卫星轨道动力学方程中，以建立ADDF滤波模型；最后对所提方法进行仿真验证。实验结果表明，在相同的初始状态和初始噪声误差条件下，与传统X射线脉冲星导航算法相比，多信息融合算法能将导航位置估计精度提高70%以上，位置估计误差降低到 200 m 左右，速度估计精度提高40%以上，且ADDF性能优于无迹卡尔曼滤波器。     

组合临界流文丘里喷嘴空气流量测量方法高空舱应用分析

为满足发动机高空试验低流速进气条件下空气流量精确测量,减小进气导管气流附面层影响,弱化空气流量测量与被试发动机相关性。分析了单件/组合临界流文丘里喷嘴的工作特性,给出了组合临界流文丘里喷嘴(ACFVN)空气流量计算方法,依据给定试验发动机和高空舱尺寸设计了临界流文丘里喷嘴组合结构,得到了组合临界流文丘里喷嘴在高空舱应用的控制方法和测试布局。采用小尺寸喷嘴对组合喷嘴设计和应用方法进行了验证,结果表明:采用打开/关闭喷嘴数量和调节进气压力两种组合方式在高空舱内应用方法可行,测试布局满足测量要求,下游发动机进口截面气流紊流度优于0.3%,满足发动机高空模拟试验要求。      

直升机抛射物体平衡及稳定性分析

基于部件级建模理论建立了建立直升机-外挂装置系统六自由度飞行动力学模型。对所建模型进行了配平计算，与参考数据进行了对比。计算分析了不同速度下采用不同方式抛射物体时直升机的稳定性。结果表明，单侧抛射由于反冲力不对称，抛射物体对于直升机的滚转角和横向周期变距有显著的影响；随飞行速度增大，抛射物体对于直升机横向荷兰滚模态稳定性影响增大，当前飞速度达到50m/s以上时，荷兰滚模态演变为两个发散的非周期模态，稳定性明显变差，直升机应在较低速度下抛射物体。      

A new modeling scheme for powered parafoil unmanned aerial vehicle platforms: Theory and experiments

A novel framework is established for accurate modeling of Powered Parafoil Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (PPUAV). The model is developed in the following three steps: obtaining a linear dynamic model, simplifying the model structure, and estimating the model mismatch due to model variance and external disturbance factors. First, a six degree-of-freedom linear model, or the structured model, is obtained through dynamic establishment and linearization. Second, the data correlation analysis is adopted to determine the criterion for proper model complexity and to simplify the structured model. Next, an active model is established, combining the simplified model with the model mismatch estimator. An adapted Kalman filter is utilized for the real-time estimation of states and model mismatch. We finally derive a linear system model while taking into account of model variance and external disturbance. Actual flight tests verify the effectiveness of our active model in different flight scenarios.     

三维攻击角度约束部分制导控制一体化设计

针对侧滑转弯(STT)导弹带有攻击角度约束的机动目标拦截问题，提出一种基于自适应终端滑模动态面控制的三维部分制导控制一体化(PIGC)设计方法。首先，建立了针对机动目标拦截的侧滑转弯导弹三维部分制导控制一体化设计模型，且不需要导弹速度微分体轴系分量信息。然后，使用终端滑模控制理论构建误差向量与虚拟控制量，达成精确拦截与攻击角度约束的控制目的；引入有限时间非线性收敛扩张状态观测器(ESO)来在线估计系统不确定性；设计自适应算子与自适应更新律对观测器的估计误差进行补偿，以提高方法的鲁棒性。最后，三维空间拦截仿真校验了方法在提高拦截精度与增强角度约束收敛性能的有效性。     

热障涂层表面裂纹水浸超声检测

为有效检测热障涂层(TBCs)表面裂纹,进行了热障涂层表面裂纹水浸超声检测技术的应用研究。以常用的大气等离子喷涂(APS)热障涂层作为试验材料,采用水浸超声检测回波声程差和C扫描图像对不同深度、宽度和长度的热障涂层表面裂纹进行了表征。结果表明:热障涂层基体材料对热障涂层表面裂纹的检测效果无明显影响;通过优化检测参数和合理选用仪器探头,利用水浸超声方法可实现对热障涂层表面深度为0.1 mm、长度为2 mm裂纹的有效检测;水浸超声检测技术可以获得裂纹的长度、深度参数,是解决热障涂层表面裂纹检测问题的有效方法。